Roseman, Nur Amani Hanis (2023) Analysis of flow disturbance due to stenosed carotid artery wall. Masters thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

Carotid arteries with specific structural and anatomical abnormalities due to dolichoarteriopathies (DA) has been reported to influence the arterial haemodynamic flow patterns which could lead to the development of regions prone to carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the haemodynamic behaviour of different carotid artery morphologies with various degrees of stenosis. Six different carotid artery morphologies were constructed, which then afflicted with 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% stenosis. Through the use of the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method via commercial software, the simulations were performed under two physiological conditions; normal blood pressure (NBP) and high blood pressure (HBP). The haemodynamic behaviour was evaluated using several parameters, specifically the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), time-averaged wall shear stress gradient (TAWSSG), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT). Subsequently, the morphology haemodynamic behaviour was analysed using a selection method. Based on the observation, the TAWSS, TAWSSG and OSI increase along with the degree of stenosis, whereas RRT had an inversely proportional relationship with stenosis severity. The presence of stenosis coupled with obvious curvature of carotid morphology further disturbed the haemodynamic flow. In all cases, Type I displayed the best haemodynamic behaviour with and without the presence of stenosis. On the other hand, Type IV showed the most affected haemodynamic behaviour due to its morphology, stenosis existence and increase in blood pressure. Yet, with 60% and 80% degree of stenosis affliction, Type II presented the most disturbed blood flow pattern. Type III, V and VI showed moderate haemodynamic behaviour for both physiological conditions and when afflicted with stenosis. In conclusion, different flow re-circulation at the different bifurcated stenotic carotid morphologies (BSCM) has a significant effect on the stenosis growth

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