Zainol Abidin, Nurul Alyani (2022) Synthesis and characterization of curcumin-chitosan loaded gold nanoparticles by oryctes rhinoceros’ chitin for cosmeceutical application. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

A breakthrough in cosmeceuticals by utilizing insects as major ingredients in cosmetic products is gaining popularity. Therefore, the interest in rare sources of ingredients, for instance, from the Oryctes rhinoceros beetle, can bring huge benefit in turning pest to wealth. In this study, curcumin was chosen as the active ingredient loaded into chitosan-gold nanoparticles (CCG-NP). However, curcumin is unstable, and has high sensitivity to light thus curcumin has low bioavailability. Therefore, chitosan extracted from O. rhinoceros acts as a drug carrier to overcome these problems. In order to overcome the problems, several objectives were achieved, including optimizing the parameters of chitin extraction, deacetylation of chitosan, followed by characterization of O. rhinoceros’ chitin and chitosan by their physical properties and spectrophotometer evaluation, to name a few. CCG-NPs are synthesized and characterized, and their efficacy is determined by their drug release profile, antimicrobial and anti-tyrosinase properties, and toxicity test. The best RSM chitin extraction parameters were 1 M NaOH, 99 °C, 20 ml/g of sample for deproteinization and 3.92 M HCl, 75 °C, 12 ml/g of sample for decalcification. Chitin and chitosan from O. rhinoceros are comparable to commercial chitin and chitosan. CCG-NPs are successfully synthesized at 70 °C for 60 minutes under optimal conditions of reactant ratio of 2:0.5 (0.5 mM HAuCl4: 0.1 % curcumin). The shape of the CCG-NP is determined via FE-SEM, and it is round, and the size is 128.27 d.nm. The value of the zeta potential is 20.2 ± 3.81 mV showing a stable mixture. An in vitro drug release profile shows a cumulative drug release in 24 hours of 52.99 %. The zone diameter for inhibition for E. coli and S. aureus was 7.0 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, with tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of 66.385 ± 3.0%. The cytotoxicity of cell viability IC50 is 58% of the CCG-NP concentration indicating a mild toxicity trait. To conclude, CCG-NP is a stable, spherical, nano-sized, homogeneous solution with a good drug release profile, antimicrobial properties, enhanced anti-tyrosinase activity, and is non-toxic for the cosmeceutical applications

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