Abu Bakar, Muhammad Syamir (2023) Multi objective parameters optimisation of kenaf cementitious composites material for 3d printing applications. Masters thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is an innovative technology that fabricates structures without the need for conventional formwork. The growing interest lies in formulating cement mixtures that integrate natural organic fibres. Kenaf, an abundant resource in Malaysia, emerges as a promising candidate. The essence of successful 3DCP lies in the mix's dual characteristics, it must exhibit both flowability during extrusion and stability upon deposition, ensuring effective layering. The cyclical nature of 3D printing, involving intermittent pauses and resumptions, underscores the importance of maintaining workability. The efficacy of this process is profoundly influenced by parameters such as speed and accuracy, which are particularly significant when working with natural fibres. This investigation specifically focuses on the influence of Kenaf fibre on cement mixtures for 3DCP. Concurrently, it explores the optimal ratios of additives and binders, and examines the requisite parameter configurations such as nozzle size and shape to enable successful printing. Leveraging insights from prior research and adhering to pertinent American Standards (ASTM), various tests including slump tests, slump flow tests, extrusion tests, and visual inspections were conducted to evaluate fresh properties. The optimal proportions, deduced from experimentation, comprise 30 grams of Kenaf fiber and 14 grams of plasticizer per 100 grams of cementitious mixture. The study investigated ten distinct parameter settings, ultimately revealing that a circular nozzle with a 7mm diameter and a printing speed of 10 Millimetres per second (mm/s) resulted in superior layer adhesion and structural integrity. By comparing the printed model with its digital design using Cura slicer software, it was discerned that a minimal height shrinkage of 4% occurred. This shrinkage is deemed acceptable within the context of 3DCP. Consequently, this research attests to the practicality of integrating Kenaf-concrete in 3DCP

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