Muhammed, Ghayda Ali (2023) Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab’s attitude towards ‘the woman’ in the light of the appraisal theory. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

Many studies dealt with Al-Sayyab's poetic achievement, life, political and intellectual stances, and relationship with women. His political stance and literary direction change more than once, and in all phases of his poetry, he addresses "the woman", praising, blaming, or sympathising with her; however, no study has examined the relationship between al-Sayyab's political and intellectual orientation and how he evaluated "the woman." This research studied Al-Sayyab's Attitude toward "the woman" in these three phases by analysing his poems utilising the Appraisal Theory (Martin &White, 2005) under Systemic Functional Linguistics as an interpersonal metafunction. Al- Sayyab's poetry was divided into three phases: romantic, realistic, and existential. The current study focused on Attitude, subdivided into Affect, Judgment and Appreciation, to investigate how AlSayyab was evaluating "the woman" and to determine whether his political and literary stances affected his Attitude toward "her”. The analysis followed a content analysis approach by adopting the Appraisal Theory framework and statistical analysis to obtain the quantitative results and compare the results using the SPSS 25 programme and the chi-square test. The results showed that Affect was the most frequently occurring expression in the first phase (528/1133), in the second phase, it was Judgment (322/659), and Appreciation most frequent occurrence was in the first phase (194/376). These results indicated that Al- Sayyab's evaluative language demonstrates his Attitude toward "the woman", while The Chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the frequency of the Attitude expression in terms of Type, Strategy, or Polarity between the three phases, demonstrating how Al- Sayyab's political and literary stances changed throughout the three phases and how this was reflected in his attitude toward women. It was also, established that Al- Sayyab's attitude changes were caused by two factors: the first was internal and related to the family and its immediate circles, and the second was external and related to the indirect relationships’ circles. Further research could use the findings of this study to compare them to the attitudes toward women of other poets, whether from Iraq or other countries, who lived in the same era or a different period, to see if global changes had the same impact on the different poets

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