Johari, Siti Fatimah Azzahra’ (2023) Performance criteria model for women-owned SMEs using analytical hierarchy process and locational characteristics approach: a case study in Batu Pahat, Johor. Masters thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are seen as an important segment in the economic composition of a country and an essential engine for fostering innovation, growth and prosperity. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia was declining, and an unprecedented crisis for businesses. This scenario has also worsened the performance of women-owned SMEs, coupled with poor individual characteristics, including entrepreneurial competencies (EC) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Several researchers had conducted studies on these two elements of women-owned SMEs business performance yet overlooked the measurement of ranking the effective criteria and sub-criteria, which were the most critical factors contributing to their performance. Consequently, the utmost purpose of this research was to propose a model of performance index for women-owned SMEs by integrating the modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques in line with the identified gaps. Using quota sampling techniques, survey questionnaires were distributed among 140 respondents in 14 subdistricts (Mukim) in Batu Pahat, Johor. Only 128 sets of questionnaires were usable for data analysis, showing a 91.4% valid response rate. The findings indicated that EC and EO ranking criteria were equally crucial to the women-owned SMEs performance. Both ranking criteria of EC and EO were then integrated with the elements of locational characteristics based on the measurement of distance matrix by using GIS for capturing the index accessibility of women-owned SMEs performance. The findings of this study benefited the decision-makers by determining which criteria of women-owned SMEs contributed the most in the local context and identifying the loopholes in achieving the index model that can be used as guidelines in gauging the women-owned SMEs towards their business performance

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