Zahari, Muhammad Nur Hidayat (2023) Development of an acoustical-based system for shallow subsurface object detection in a quaternary age geological area using finite difference time domain (FDTD) and single-channel reflection wave (SRW) method. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

The subsurface detection technique is one of the most frequent techniques used in Civil Engineering to improve the features of underground object identification. This study focused on accuracy, detectability, and reliability of the underground detection method. Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) is the best option in the determination of any buried objects which need to know the location installed and the depth of the object. However, GPR has an issue for detection due to the object subsurface detection especially in quaternary age area that poses high-water table which is the conflict of detection. Others geophysical method which is seismic reflection can be used for detection in high water table condition. Seismic reflection waves can be used to characterize anomaly properties at the homogeneous layer, specifically for sensitivity measurement quality control. The models were used, starting with a scaled-down shallow object detection model at 0.3 m depth. For measurements of soil conditions with the physical object model, the reflectivity profile showed a significantly higher amplitude at the top reflection than the measurements of soil conditions without an object that showed a decreased reflectivity amplitude. More intriguingly, the findings revealed that the reflectivity relationship varied depending on the diameter and depth of the object in the classification of irregular anomalies because reflection energy may generally propagate through anomalies, the object's dispersion, attenuation, and reflections may change the wave amplitude as it approaches the receiver. These findings reveal that sensor location in relation to the survey target does affect reflectivity profiles. This study shows that reflected waves can be used for object detection when employing the Single-channel reflection wave (SRW) approach, with an accuracy of 81.25 percent for the air-filled voids, 91.88 percent for water-filled voids, and 87.5 percent for buried pipes

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