Senusi, Farasyafinaz (2023) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of 3D Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) scaffolds by using GaBi software. Masters thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) scaffold is one of the methods used to repair bone defects caused by various factors. According to modern tissue engineering technology, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for BTE provides a temporary basis for the creation of biological replacements. Based on the generated 3D BTE scaffolds from previous studies, environmental impact assessment has received less attention in research. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Model or cradle-to-grave technique for 3D BTE scaffold system boundary from raw material production, printing process, transportation to use and product disposal. Meanwhile, the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology was used as the manufacturing process in the system boundary. The analysis of the LCA model was conducted using GaBi software. The parameters for the developed LCA model were determined by the system boundaries of DLP 3D printing technology. All emissions were identified such as emissions to air, freshwater, seawater, and industrial soil. From the output relative value emissions, it showed that the electricity grid mix contributed the highest emissions to deposited goods, air, fresh water and sea water. Meanwhile, the highest emissions to agricultural and industrial soil was from ethylene glycol and plastic waste on landfills. From the analysis, it showed that the Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP) fossil has the highest value of 17.043 Mega Joules (MJ) with 96.35% for potential environmental impacts among others. Therefore, the results are expected to be used for improving the performance on the material and manufacturing process of the product life cycle. It is also to make the production process more environmentally friendly

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