Md Salleh, Nur Asmira (2023) Phytochemicals analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of salvinia molesta d.s.mitch (salviniaceae). Masters thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

The occurrence of invasive alien aquatic plant species in a habitat is recognized as the second largest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss. Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitch is classified as an obnoxious and noxious invasive aquatic plant in Malaysia, and it has been listed as the world’s worst invasive alien species in Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) since 2013. The main goal of this study was to gain knowledge on the potential medicinal values of S. molesta extracts (aqueous and ethanol). Thus, the quantification of phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of S. molesta extracts were determined. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. molesta were prepared through the maceration technique. These extracts then were quantified for their total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and saponin contents following the standard methods. Besides, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Moreover, both aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. molesta were examined for their antibacterial activity by disc-diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods against selected bacterial strains, such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As a result, higher contents of phytochemicals were recorded in the ethanol extract at tannin followed by phenolic, saponin, flavonoid, and alkaloids. Thereupon, the extract obtained from ethanol exhibited high antioxidant capacity based on DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Moreover, the ethanol extract expressed high antibacterial activity against B. cereus, followed by E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa as tested using disc-diffusion method. The MIC and MBC against S. molesta extracts also revealed that the ethanol extract can inhibit growth and kill all the bacteria strains tested. The study highlighted that ethanol extract exhibited higher phytochemical content, significant antioxidant, and antibacterial properties than aqueous extract

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