Jaafar, Marliana (2023) Capability oF AgSiN and SU-8 film in protecting silver-based surface plasmons resonance (SPR) technique for honey water content detection. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

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Abstract

Stingless bee honey is a natural sweetener product that has greater nutritional and medicinal values compared to the other honey bees. Due to the higher market demand and limited production levels of honey, stingless bee honey becomes a high-value commercial food product targeted for adulteration, which can cause a loss of natural therapeutic value in honey. Besides, the higher water content in stingless bee honey will promote the presence of yeast during the fermentation process, which can degrade the quality and shorten the shelf life of honey. Therefore, an optical water content detection is employed using a silver-based of prism-coupled SPR technique. Four models of SPR sensing structures are proposed in this research. The behaviour and effect of SU-8 photoresist film and the silver-silicon nitride (AgSiN) as an additional sensing layer are investigated to protect the silver film from erosion and minimize the oxygen element on the sensing surface. Based on the results, the Cr – Ag SPR structure effectively detects the adulterated honey in terms of water content percentage. The lamination of SU-8 film on the Cr – Ag layer can protect the silver surface from degradation and improve the performance of SNR, detection accuracy, and figure of merit at the range of 0.81140 to 5.13352, 1.24953 (1/°) to 1.78571 (1/°), and 0.30549 (1/%) to 0.43657 (1/%), respectively. The smallest full width at half maximum (FWHM) value is produced also at Cr – Ag – (SU-8) structure between 0.8003° to 0.5600°. In the meantime, the existence of the AgSiN layer in the Cr – Ag – AgSiN – (SU-8) sensing structure matches the resonance angle and altered the minimum reflectivity values by only 5.26% after 24 hours of testing. Moreover, the deposition of the AgSiN layer has the potential to reduce the formation of silver oxide with the lowest atomic oxygen percentage of 9.04% and the smallest bandgap size of 3.868 eV. It indicates that the AgSiN layer is practicable to increase the absorption in the sensing samples

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